{"id":658,"date":"2023-08-01T09:26:15","date_gmt":"2023-08-01T09:26:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ditori.com\/?p=658"},"modified":"2023-08-01T09:26:15","modified_gmt":"2023-08-01T09:26:15","slug":"besnik-hajdari-aspekte-historike-dhe-teorike-te-zhvillimit-te-prokurimit-publik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ditori.com\/index.php\/2023\/08\/01\/besnik-hajdari-aspekte-historike-dhe-teorike-te-zhvillimit-te-prokurimit-publik\/","title":{"rendered":"BESNIK HAJDARI-ASPEKTE HISTORIKE DHE TEORIKE T\u00cb ZHVILLIMIT T\u00cb PROKURIMIT PUBLIK"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n\r\n<strong>V\u00ebshtrim historik i zhvillimit t\u00eb prokurimit publik n\u00eb bot\u00eb dhe n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nN\u00eb Evrop\u00eb prokurimi publik filloi t\u00eb zhvillohet n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb 19-t\u00eb.\r\nN\u00eb Franc\u00eb, p\u00ebr shembull, historia e sistemit t\u00eb mir\u00ebfillt\u00eb t\u00eb prokurimit publik,\r\nme procedura t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme p\u00ebr \u00e7mimet e kontrat\u00ebs, me standarde, me\r\nformular\u00eb t\u00eb kontrat\u00ebs dhe me shqyrtimin gjyq\u00ebsor t\u00eb ankesave, nis n\u00eb vitin\r\n1800, me Ligjin e 17 shkurtit, p\u00ebr punimet publike. Po n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb vit, aspekte t\u00eb\r\nndryshme t\u00eb prokurimit publik rregullohen edhe n\u00eb Suedi, ku dispozitat e para\r\nmbuluan vet\u00ebm prokurimin e institucioneve t\u00eb qeveris\u00eb.\r\nZhvillim t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb pati prokurimi publik n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb\r\n20-t\u00eb, sidomos pas Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Par\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore, kur ndodhi q\u00eb t\u00eb miratoheshin\r\nshum\u00eb ligje q\u00eb rregullonin prokurimin publik. N\u00eb vitet 1920, parlamenti i\r\nSuedis\u00eb miratoi rregulloren e par\u00eb t\u00eb prokurimit, e cila me disa modifikime t\u00eb\r\nher\u00ebpashershme \u00ebsht\u00eb zbatuar deri n\u00eb vitin 1994. Rregullorja ishte e\r\ndetyrueshme p\u00ebr autoritetet qeveritare, por n\u00eb t\u00eb mungonin sanksionet. Kurse\r\nn\u00eb vitin 1923 prokurimi publik u zbatua edhe n\u00eb Itali, me &#8220;Dekretin Mbret\u00ebror&#8221;\r\nnr. 2440, dat\u00eb 18 tetor 1923. Me k\u00ebt\u00eb dekret u b\u00eb e mundur t\u2019i hapej rruga k\u00ebsaj\r\nveprimtarie, e cila sh\u00ebnon fillimin ose realizimin e nj\u00eb kontrate t\u00eb n\u00ebnshkruar\r\np\u00ebr furnizimin me mallra, p\u00ebr sh\u00ebrbime apo kryerjen e ndonj\u00eb pune p\u00ebr\r\ninstitucionet publike dhe shtet\u00ebrore.\r\nN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb koh\u00eb. ky sistem p\u00ebrhapet edhe n\u00eb vende t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb Europ\u00ebs\r\nPer\u00ebndimore. \u00cbsht\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u theksuar se, m\u00eb 15 shkurt 1933, n\u00eb Poloni, u\r\nmiratua akti i par\u00eb p\u00ebr zbatimin e prokurimit publik, akt i cili mbeti n\u00eb fuqi\r\nderi n\u00eb vitin 1939. Pas lufte, n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e regjimit komunist, u zbatua sistemi i\r\nplanifikimit qendror dhe, pa dyshim, nuk funksiononte ndonj\u00eb rregullore e\r\nve\u00e7ant\u00eb lidhur me sigurimin e mallrave dhe sh\u00ebrbimet nga shteti dhe\r\ninstitucionet e tij. Me kalimin n\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb e tregut, n\u00eb Poloni u hartua ligji\r\ni prokurimit publik, q\u00eb hyri n\u00eb fuqi m\u00eb 1 janar 1995.\r\nN\u00eb vitin 1934 sistemi i prokurimit publik vendoset n\u00eb Estoni, ku u miratua\r\nligji i par\u00eb p\u00ebr prokurimin publik, i cili mbeti n\u00eb fuqi deri n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb Luft\u00ebs\r\ns\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore. Pas luft\u00ebs, nuk ka ekzistuar prokurimi publik deri n\u00eb vitin\r\n1995, kur parlamenti i Estonis\u00eb nxori nj\u00eb ligj modern mbi prokurimin publik.\r\nEdhe n\u00eb SHBA ka nj\u00eb sistem modern t\u00eb prokurimeve dhe ekziston nj\u00eb\r\ninfrastruktur\u00eb e t\u00ebr\u00eb ligjore, q\u00eb rregullon gjith\u00eb zhvillimin e k\u00ebtij aktiviteti.\r\nNga ana e tij, Komisioni i Kombeve t\u00eb Bashkuara mbi ligjin nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar\r\ntregtar (United Nations Commision on International Trade Law \u2013\r\nUNICITRAL), ka hartuar kornizat e prokurimeve pubike, ligjin p\u00ebr\r\nprokurimin e mallrave, pun\u00ebve dhe sh\u00ebrbimeve (Uncitral Model Law on\r\nprocurement of goods, construction and services with Guide to Enactment,\r\n1994) q\u00eb i nxit shtetet q\u00eb dispozitat e tij t\u2019i p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb n\u00eb legjislacionin e tyre.\r\nN\u00eb Bashkimin Evropian hapat e par\u00eb t\u00eb legjislacionit p\u00ebr prokurimin publik\r\nprezantohen me &#8220;Traktatin e Rom\u00ebs&#8221;. M\u00eb 25 mars 1957, u krijua n\u00eb Rom\u00eb\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nKomuniteti Ekonomik Europian. Traktati ishte n\u00eb thelb nj\u00eb Marr\u00ebveshje e\r\nTregtis\u00eb s\u00eb Lir\u00eb me q\u00ebllim heqjen e kufizimeve tregtare midis vendeve an\u00ebtare.\r\nEdhe pse ky Traktat nuk rregullonte drejtp\u00ebrdrejt fush\u00ebn e prokurimit publik\r\nn\u00eb nivel t\u00eb shteteve an\u00ebtare, ai vendosi parimet themelore t\u00eb prokurimit publik.\r\nPor Direktivat e KE-s\u00eb p\u00ebr Prokurimin do t\u00eb dalin m\u00eb von\u00eb.\r\nObjektivat kryesore t\u00eb politik\u00ebs s\u00eb prokurimit publik t\u00eb Bashkimit Europian\r\njan\u00eb: krijimi i kushteve p\u00ebr konkurrenc\u00eb reale dhe jodiskriminuese t\u00eb\r\nnevojshme p\u00ebr dh\u00ebnien e kontratave publike, shp\u00ebrndarjen racionale t\u00eb parave\r\npublike, p\u00ebrmes zgjedhjes s\u00eb ofert\u00ebs m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb paraqitur, qasjen e\r\nfurnitor\u00ebve n\u00eb nj\u00eb treg me mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb m\u00ebdha biznesi, dhe rritjen e\r\nkonkurrenc\u00ebs n\u00eb tendera. P\u00ebr t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur parimet e Traktatit t\u00eb KE-s\u00eb n\u00eb\r\nfush\u00ebn e prokurimit publik dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb hartuar udh\u00ebzimet e nevojshme p\u00ebr\r\nshtetet an\u00ebtare, n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb viteve \u201870, Bashkimi Europian nisi miratimin e nj\u00eb\r\ns\u00ebr\u00eb direktivash p\u00ebr prokurimet, me t\u00eb cilat rekomandohet, q\u00eb shtetet an\u00ebtare\r\nt\u00eb harmonizojn\u00eb dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrputhin ligjet e tyre t\u00eb prokurimit publik.\r\nPor n\u00eb vendet e Europ\u00ebs Lindore veprimtaria e prokurimit publik filloi t\u00eb\r\nzbatohet pas viteve \u201990, kur u miratuan edhe legjislacionet moderne t\u00eb sistemit\r\nt\u00eb ri t\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb s\u00eb tregut. K\u00ebshtu, mund t\u00eb themi se n\u00eb \u00c7eki ligji p\u00ebr\r\nprokurimin publik p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb u hartua n\u00eb vitin 1991; n\u00eb Republik\u00ebn e\r\nShqip\u00ebris\u00eb, n\u00eb vitin 1993, n\u00eb Republik\u00ebn e Maqedonis\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1998, nd\u00ebrsa\r\nn\u00eb Malin e Zi nj\u00eb ligj i till\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb miratuar shum\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb, n\u00eb vitin 2001.\r\nN\u00eb Kosov\u00eb prokurimi publik, si nj\u00eb fush\u00eb tejet specifike p\u00ebr shtetin e ri, ka\r\nfilluar t\u00eb paraqitet menj\u00ebher\u00eb pas p\u00ebrfundimit t\u00eb luft\u00ebs, n\u00eb vitin 1999, ndaj dhe\r\nka nj\u00eb histori t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr, prej afro dy dekadash. Bazat e instalimit t\u00eb\r\nprokurimit publik n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb i kan\u00eb vendosur nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar\u00ebt p\u00ebrmes misionit\r\nt\u00eb OKB n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, UNMIK. Akti i par\u00eb juridik q\u00eb rregullon fush\u00ebn e\r\nprokurimit publik n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb u nxor nga UNMIK-u m\u00eb 15 dhjetor 1999. Ky\r\nakt njihet me emrin \u201cUdh\u00ebzimi i Administrimit Financiar\u201c, nr. 2\/1999, p\u00ebr\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nprokurimin publik n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb. Ky Udh\u00ebzim bazohej n\u00eb rregullat e prokurimit\r\nt\u00eb Bank\u00ebs Bot\u00ebrore dhe t\u00eb Komisionit t\u00eb Kombeve t\u00eb Bashkuara p\u00ebr t\u00eb Drejt\u00ebn\r\nTregtare Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare &#8220;UNCITRAL&#8221;. M\u00eb von\u00eb, pas konstituimit dhe\r\nforcimit t\u00eb institucioneve t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs, parlamenti i Kosov\u00ebs e rregulloi k\u00ebt\u00eb\r\nfush\u00eb me ligj t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, i cili hyri n\u00eb fuqi m\u00eb 9 qershor 2004 dhe njihet me\r\nemrin \u201cLigji p\u00ebr Prokurimin Publik n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb\u201d. M\u00eb 6 qershor 2007 ky ligj u\r\nndryshua me disa amendamente, q\u00eb e afrojn\u00eb at\u00eb me legjislacionin evropian t\u00eb\r\nprokurimit publik. Kjo b\u00ebri q\u00eb t\u00eb evitoheshin pengesat ligjore p\u00ebr integrimin e\r\nKosov\u00ebs n\u00eb mekanizmat evropian\u00eb.\r\nLigji n\u00eb fjal\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar me amendamente edhe n\u00eb vitet 2009, 2010 dhe 2011.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nK\u00ebto shtesa dhe ndryshime kan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb t\u00eb kemi nj\u00eb ligj, i\r\ncili harmonizohet edhe m\u00eb mir\u00eb me legjislacionin dhe rregullat e prokurimit\r\npublik t\u00eb BE-s\u00eb. Aktet juridike dhe ligje bashk\u00ebkohore, e t\u00ebr\u00eb infrastruktura\r\nligjore e fush\u00ebs s\u00eb prokurimit publik q\u00eb rregullojn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb veprimtari n\u00eb\r\nRepublik\u00ebn e Kosov\u00ebs jan\u00eb nj\u00eb baz\u00eb e mir\u00eb edhe p\u00ebr zhvillimin e prokurimit\r\nelektronik n\u00eb vend.\r\nN\u00eb fillim, ashtu si edhe n\u00eb vendet e tjera n\u00eb tranzicion, edhe n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb\r\nprokurimet publike u p\u00ebrball\u00ebn me v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi nga m\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshmet, pasi\r\nzyrtar\u00ebt e angazhuar n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb sistem kishin pak ose aspak p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb dhe n\u00eb tregun\r\nvendas mungonte konkurrenca e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb. Edhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb fush\u00eb, Kosova ishte nj\u00eb\r\nrast specifik, pasi ajo doli nga nj\u00eb luft\u00eb, q\u00eb shkaktoi mjaft d\u00ebme edhe n\u00eb\r\nekonomin\u00eb e saj. Administrata publike nuk e njihte tradit\u00ebn e prokurimit\r\npublik. Por me kalimin e viteve, me hartimin e politikave t\u00eb prokurimit publik\r\ndhe me plot\u00ebsimin e legjislacionit p\u00ebrkat\u00ebs, me p\u00ebrcaktimin e rregullave dhe\r\nt\u00eb mjeteve juridike, institucionet qeveritare dhe administrata publike u fut\u00ebn\r\nn\u00eb rrjedh\u00ebn e realizimit t\u00eb sistemit t\u00eb prokurimit publik. Dhe mund t\u00eb themi se\r\nbrenda nj\u00eb kohe t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e prokurimit publik n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb u sh\u00ebnuan\r\ndisa rezultate. K\u00ebto u arrit\u00ebn edhe n\u00eb saje t\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb ekspert\u00ebv\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nnd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar\u00eb, q\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm themeluan sistemin e prokurimit publik n\u00eb\r\nKosov\u00eb, por edhe organizuan praktikisht aktivitetet e prokurimit publik dhe,\r\nnj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht, punuan p\u00ebr trajnimin e zyrtar\u00ebve vendas, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt n\u00eb hapat e par\u00eb\r\nu aktivizuan n\u00eb rolin e asistent\u00ebve. Po ashtu, ishin nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar\u00ebt, q\u00eb\r\nndihmuan me mjete dhe me p\u00ebrvoj\u00ebn e tyre p\u00ebr zhvillimin dhe avancimin e\r\nsistemit t\u00eb prokurimit publik n\u00eb vend.\r\nFunksionimi i sistemit t\u00eb prokurimit publik n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb shihet tani si nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje\r\ne r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr menaxhimin e financave publike, bazuar n\u00eb transparenc\u00ebn,\r\nkonkurrenc\u00ebn dhe trajtimin e barabart\u00eb t\u00eb pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsve n\u00eb tendera. Realizimi\r\nme sukses i shum\u00eb projekteve t\u00eb prokurimit, sidomos ato n\u00eb infrastruktur\u00eb dhe\r\nn\u00eb komunikimet, ka ndikuar n\u00eb zhvillimin ekonomik t\u00eb vendit, ka pasur nj\u00eb\r\nefekt t\u00eb dobish\u00ebm n\u00eb industri, n\u00eb rritjen e pun\u00ebsimit, t\u00eb konkurrenc\u00ebs etj.\r\nPozitive kan\u00eb qen\u00eb edhe reformat q\u00eb jan\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarr\u00eb n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e sistemit t\u00eb\r\nprokurimit publik n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb si edhe kontaktet dhe bashk\u00ebpunimi me ekspert\u00eb\r\nnd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar\u00eb t\u00eb fush\u00ebs s\u00eb prokurimit publik.\r\nMbi p\u00ebrkufizimin e prokurimit publik\r\nLidhur me at\u00eb se \u00e7ka \u00ebsht\u00eb dhe \u00e7ka v\u00ebrtet n\u00ebnkuptojm\u00eb me prokurim publik\r\nautor\u00eb t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm kan\u00eb ide dhe mendime t\u00eb ndryshme. Fjala prokurim e ka\r\nprejardhjen e saj nga fjala latine \u201cprocurare\u201d, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb \u201ct\u00eb tregosh kujdes\r\np\u00ebr di\u00e7ka\u201d, \u201ct\u00eb administrosh di\u00e7ka\u201d. Pra, mund t\u00eb themi se me \u201cprokurim\u201d\r\nn\u00ebnkuptojm\u00eb nj\u00eb proces administrimi. Mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb baz\u00eb kan\u00eb lindur dhe jan\u00eb\r\nzhvilluar p\u00ebrkufizime t\u00eb ndryshme p\u00ebr prokurimin publik.\r\nNga nj\u00eb v\u00ebshtrim i legjislacioneve t\u00eb vendeve t\u00eb ndryshme dhe nga studiues t\u00eb\r\nhuaj, v\u00ebm\u00eb re se prokurimin publik e p\u00ebrkufizojn\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyra t\u00eb ndryshme.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nSipas Ligjit t\u00eb Prokurimit Publik, t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb: \u201cProkurim do t\u00eb thot\u00eb blerje,\r\nmarrje me qira ose \u00e7do m\u00ebnyr\u00eb tjet\u00ebr e kontraktimit t\u00eb mallrave, nd\u00ebrtimeve\r\ndhe sh\u00ebrbimeve\u201d. (LPP i Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb, 1995).\r\nN\u00eb Kroaci, n\u00eb Ligjin p\u00ebr Prokurim Publik, prokurimi p\u00ebrkufizohet si \u201cblerja e\r\nmallrave dhe sh\u00ebrbimeve, kontraktimi i pun\u00ebve, blerja apo marrja me qira ose\r\nlizing, n\u00eb pajtim me metodat dhe procedurat e p\u00ebrcaktuara, ku pala porosit\u00ebse\r\nmund t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzoj\u00eb mallrat apo sh\u00ebrbimet e prokuruara\u201d (LPP i Kroacis\u00eb,\r\n2001).\r\nN\u00eb Maqedoni, Ligji p\u00ebr Prokurim Publik p\u00ebrcakton se: \u201cProkurimi publik\r\n\u00ebsht\u00eb procesi i shfryt\u00ebzimit t\u00eb fondeve publike prej disa organeve publike, me\r\nq\u00ebllim sigurimin e burimeve t\u00eb jashtme n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi prej ofertuesve\r\nkomercial\u00eb\u201d (LPP i Maqedonis\u00eb,2005).\r\nNd\u00ebrsa Zyra e Tregtis\u00eb Qeveritare e Britanis\u00eb s\u00eb Madhe e p\u00ebrkufizon\r\nprokurimin publik si \u201c\u2026 procesi ku institucionet e sektorit publik sigurojn\u00eb\r\nmallrat, sh\u00ebrbimet dhe pun\u00ebt nga pal\u00ebt e treta\u201d (An Introduction to Public\r\nProcurement; page 3; OGC \u201cOffice of Government Commerce\u201d London;\r\nwww.ogc.gov.uk).\r\nOrganizata p\u00ebr Zhvillim dhe Bashk\u00ebpunim Ekonomik (OECD) e sheh\r\nprokurimin publik si nj\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm strategjik q\u00eb menaxhon n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb\r\nefikase shpenzimet e qeveris\u00eb n\u00eb blerjen e mallrave, sh\u00ebrbimeve dhe pun\u00ebve\r\nt\u00eb ndryshme, inkurajon sinergji, sjell risi dhe rritje ekonomike dhe t\u00eb tregut\r\ndhe, gjithashtu, garanton mbrojtjen e mjedisit, mund\u00ebsi p\u00ebr t\u00eb sjell\u00eb kursime\r\nfinanciare (OECD 2013).\r\nT\u00eb ndryshme jan\u00eb p\u00ebrkufizimet q\u00eb japin p\u00ebr prokurimin publik edhe nj\u00eb mori\r\nautor\u00ebsh dhe studiuesish t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj fushe.\r\nWayne dhe Wittig (2002:2) e kan\u00eb p\u00ebrkufizuar at\u00eb si \u201cnj\u00eb proces biznesi\r\nbrenda nj\u00eb sistemi politik\u201d.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nDr.Tina Erzen b\u00ebn k\u00ebt\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktim: \u201cProkurimi publik mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrkufizohet si\r\naktivitet i institucioneve publike \u2013 shtet\u00ebrore lokale dhe organeve q\u00eb\r\nudh\u00ebhiqen nga e drejta juridike, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat fondet publike shpenzohen p\u00ebr\r\nsigurimin e t\u00eb mirave p\u00ebr interesin publik apo t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt\u201d(ERZEN, 2006)\r\nSipas Andrea Sundstrand: \u201cProkurimi publik paraqet blerjet publike t\u00eb kryera\r\nnga qeveria, komunat, k\u00ebshillat e qarkut, kompanit\u00eb publike, si dhe shoqatat e\r\nfondacionet, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb jen\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje p\u00ebr t\u00eb kryer aktivitetet e tyre t\u00eb\r\nndryshme\u201d. (SUNDSTRAND, 2009)\r\nNd\u00ebrsa prof. Sue Arrowsmith thekson se: \u201cProkurimi qeveritar, n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi,\r\nu referohet blerjeve nga ana e organeve qeveritare t\u00eb mallrave dhe sh\u00ebrbimeve\r\nprej ofertuesve t\u00eb jasht\u00ebm, q\u00eb k\u00ebto organe t\u2019i kryejn\u00eb sipas rregullit detyrat q\u00eb\r\nkan\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb ne sh\u00ebrbimet publike\u201d. (ARROWSMITH, Sue, \u201cGovernement\r\nProcurement in WTO\u201d: The concept and importance of Procurement\u201d School\r\nof Law University of Nottingham; page 2).\r\nNd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, n\u00eb Ligjin e Prokurimit Publik nr.04\/L-042, p\u00ebrcaktohet:\r\n\u201cAktiviteti i prokurimit do t\u00eb thot\u00eb \u00e7do aktivitet q\u00eb nd\u00ebrlidhet me fillimin ose\r\nekzekutimin e nj\u00eb procedure ose nj\u00eb aktiviteti tjet\u00ebr q\u00eb shpie ose q\u00eb ka p\u00ebr\r\nq\u00ebllim t\u00eb shpjer\u00eb drejt dh\u00ebnies s\u00eb nj\u00eb kontrate publike\u201d (LPP i Kosov\u00ebs\r\nNr.04\/L-042).\r\nKurse sipas dokumentit \u201cInstruksion p\u00ebr Administrim Financiar\u201d nr.2\/1999:\r\n\u201cProkurim do t\u00eb thot\u00eb blerja ose shitja e mallrave, pun\u00ebve ose sh\u00ebrbimeve,\r\nduke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb qirat\u00eb pa kufizimin e tyre, k\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr blerje, k\u00ebrkesat e\r\np\u00ebrhershme, l\u00ebshimin e licensave ose koncesioneve q\u00eb priten t\u00eb realizohen n\u00eb\r\nt\u00eb ardhura neto n\u00eb Buxhetin e Konsoliduar t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs dhe p\u00ebrfitimet e\r\nshpron\u00ebsimeve t\u00eb tjera q\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb pron\u00ebsi shtet\u00ebrore apo publike p\u00ebrmes cilitdo\r\ninstrument t\u00eb kontraktimit\u201d (IAF, 1999). Si\u00e7 shihet nga k\u00ebto p\u00ebrkufizime,\r\nprokurimi publik, p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsisht, duhet n\u00ebnkuptuar jo vet\u00ebm si procedur\u00eb\r\nadministrative q\u00eb shpie n\u00eb dh\u00ebnien e nj\u00eb kontrate publike, por edhe si aktivitet,\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nq\u00eb, n\u00eb thelb, fillon me inicimin e prokurimit (hartimi i projektit q\u00eb duhet\r\nrealizuar, ideja artistike, paramasa, parallogaria etj.) dhe mbaron me\r\nrealizimin e aktivitetit t\u00eb interesit publik, q\u00eb financohet nga fondet publike.\r\nProkurimi publik paraqet shp\u00ebrfaqjen m\u00eb t\u00eb qart\u00eb t\u00eb reformimit t\u00eb\r\nadministrat\u00ebs publike t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarr\u00eb n\u00eb dekadat e fundit. Reformat e kryera\r\nkan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb ndalet procesi i zgjerimit t\u00eb sektorit publik, me arritjen m\u00eb t\u00eb\r\nmadhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrqasjes s\u00eb re apo teoris\u00eb s\u00eb re t\u00eb administrimit publik, e njohur si\r\nteoria e kontraktualizimit.\r\nProkurimet jan\u00eb n\u00eb disa lloje, sipas objektit q\u00eb kan\u00eb. K\u00ebshtu kemi:\r\nProkurime t\u00eb pun\u00ebve publike. B\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr realizimin (edhe ekzekutimin),\r\nose projektimin bashk\u00eb me realizimin, t\u00eb punimeve publike, q\u00eb u mund\u00ebsojn\u00eb\r\norganeve publike ushtrimin e veprimtaris\u00eb s\u00eb tyre. P\u00ebr shembull,\r\nrikonstruksioni i nj\u00eb godine ku ushtron veprimtarin\u00eb organi publik, punimet\r\np\u00ebr rikonstruksionin e zyrave, t\u00eb nj\u00eb shkolle publike, t\u00eb nj\u00eb spitali publik, ose\r\nnd\u00ebrtimi i nj\u00eb bujtine n\u00eb nj\u00eb repart ushtarak etj.\r\nProkurime t\u00eb furnizimit me mallra. B\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr furnizimin me sendet q\u00eb\r\nadministrata publike ka nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr ushtrimin e veprimtaris\u00eb s\u00eb saj. K\u00ebtu hyjn\u00eb\r\nvet\u00ebm sendet e luajtshme dhe jo sendet e paluajtshme.\r\nProkurimet e sh\u00ebrbimeve &#8211; p\u00ebr p\u00ebrmbushjen e nevojave q\u00eb mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb\r\nadministrata publike p\u00ebr sh\u00ebrbime, si pastrimi e deri te sh\u00ebrbimet informatike.\r\nSh\u00ebrbimet mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb shum\u00ebllojshme. Ato ndahen n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbime materiale\r\ndhe n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbime intelektuale Prokurimet me objekt material t\u00eb p\u00ebrzier. K\u00ebto\r\nkan\u00eb objekt n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb punime dhe furnizime mallrash, ose sh\u00ebrbime\r\ndhe furnizime mallrash.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\/RevistaUji-VIII\/\r\n\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u00ebshtrim historik i zhvillimit t\u00eb prokurimit publik n\u00eb bot\u00eb dhe n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb N\u00eb Evrop\u00eb prokurimi publik filloi t\u00eb zhvillohet n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb 19-t\u00eb. N\u00eb Franc\u00eb, p\u00ebr shembull, historia e sistemit t\u00eb mir\u00ebfillt\u00eb t\u00eb prokurimit publik, me procedura t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme p\u00ebr \u00e7mimet e kontrat\u00ebs, me standarde, me formular\u00eb t\u00eb kontrat\u00ebs dhe me shqyrtimin gjyq\u00ebsor [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":659,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ditori.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/658"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ditori.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ditori.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ditori.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ditori.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=658"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ditori.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/658\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":660,"href":"https:\/\/ditori.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/658\/revisions\/660"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ditori.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/659"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ditori.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=658"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ditori.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=658"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ditori.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=658"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}